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In Praise of Councilman DrabikLetter To All Union PoliceParma Police FOP Press ReleaseRoad Construction Safety Tips| Russia |
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| The Russian Empire |
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| 1721-1917 |
| Peter I the Great 1721-1725 __Catherine I 1721-1727 Catherine I 1725-1727 Peter II 1727-1730 Ivan VI 1740-1741 Elizabeth Petrovna 1741-1762 Peter III 1762 __Catherine II the Great 1762-1796 Catherine II the Great 1762-1796 Paul 1796-1801 __Maria 1796-1801 Alexander I the Blessed 1801-1825 __Elizaveta 1801-1826 Nicholas I 1825-1855 __Alexandra 1825-1855 Alexander II the Liberator 1855-1881 __Maria 1855-1880 __Yekaterina Dolgorukaya 1880-1881 Alexander III 1881-1894 __Maria 1881-1894 Nicholas II 1894-1917 __Alexandra 1894-1917 Mikhail Romanov 1917 __Natasha 1917 |
| The Russian Empire |
| When Ivan the Great, Duke of Muscovy, married Zoe, niece and heir to the last Eastern Roman Emperor, in 1472, he took the title of Czar (Tsar) which means Caesar. In 1709, Peter I the Great's victory over Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava secured Russia as the leading power of the north and in 1721, Peter took the title of Emperor of Russia. Peter was succeeded by his wife Catherine I. Russia experienced enlightened rule under Catherine II the Great from 1762 until 1796. After crushing defeats from Napoleon like Austerlitz (1805), Alexander I allied with Napoleon in his plans to divide the world between France and Russia, including such schemes as a Franco-Russian invasion of India which Napoleon first proposed during the reign of Paul I. Problems over Poland and Constantinople in addition to the Continental System severed the alliance and Napoleon disastrously invaded Russia in 1812. At Sevastopol (1854-55), Russia faced defeat by allied forces, including French under another Napoleon, in the Crimean War, but when Russia allied with Romania, they forced the surrender of Plevna (1877) ending the Russo-Turkish War. Nicholas II experienced numerous military disasters at the hands of the Japanese at Mukden (1905) and Sea of Japan (1905) and at the hands of the Germans at Tannenberg (1914). Revolution erupted before World War I ended and Nicholas was forced to abdicate. He proclaimed Mikhail Romanov as Emperor and the Bolsheviks murdered Nicholas and his family in 1918. |
| The Soviet Union |
| After the fall of the Romanov dynasty, Lenin created a new communist government that would be known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. After helping to turn the tide against the Axis Empire in World War II with Russian victories at Leningrad (1941-44), Moscow (1941), Stalingrad (1942-43), and Kursk (1943), Stalin was able to elevate Russia to the status of the world's second super power (the U.S. was the other). The Soviet Union dominated Eastern Europe and was in an arms race with the United States until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991. Today, Russia still plays a pivotal role in world affairs due to its size, nuclear capabilities, position as one of the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, etc., but is now headed by a president. |
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